Nanostructured negative electrodes for magnesium-ion batteries
The subject is part of an ANR project on the development of negative electrodes for magnesium (Mg)-ion batteries. Magnesium is an excellent alternative to lithium due to its high specific capacity, low cost, abundance on Earth and low reactivity. However, conventional electrolytes interact strongly with metallic magnesium to form a blocking layer on the surface of metallic Mg, inhibiting reversible electrochemical reactions. An interesting solution to overcome this problem is to replace the Mg metal electrode with a material compatible with electrolyte solutions having a large electrochemical stability window. Interestingly, Mg alloy compounds have adequate stability in conventional electrolytes, slightly higher potentials than pure metallic Mg with however lower specific capacities than Mg. As part of an ANR project, the LEEL laboratory develops new alloy compounds for Mg batteries in the form of nanostructured electrodes to overcome volume expansion and slow diffusion of ions during the alloying with Mg.
In this project, the postdoctoral associate will first be in charge of the fundamental understanding of the reactivity towards the electrolyte of the alloys developed in the laboratory, notably through impedance spectroscopy and XPS. Secondly, the postdoctoral associate will deal with the electrode and electrolyte formulation’s optimization with a systematic comparison of electrochemical performances in half-cell. Finally, full Mg-ion cells will be made with the better electrode/electrolyte combination.
Spectroscopy of AlN colored centers
The study of QD-like emission from deep emission centers in semiconductor has become an important topic in the general framework of quantum information processing and nanoscale sensing, the emblematic emission center being the N-V defect in diamonds. Recently, research has been conducted to evaluate the potential of other defects in various materials, for instance in GaN and BN. Oddly, not much is known on color centers in AlN, despite the many assets of this material : it can be epitaxially deposited, high quality bulk substrates are available, it can be processed as high quality factor microcavities.
We propose in this 12 months post-doc to explore the optical properties of deep luminescing centers in AlN. We will study by microphotoluminescence (either cw or time-resolved) various types of AlN : thin AlN grown on Si (possibly processed as membranes), thick AlN grown on sapphire, ensembles and single AlN nanowires.
Nano-silicon/graphene composites for high energy density lithium-ion batteries
This postdoctoral fellowship is part of the Graphene Flagship Core 2 H2020 european project (2018-2020) on the energy storage applications of graphene. In lithium-ion batteries, graphene associated to nanostructured silicon in a proper composite helps increase the energy capacity. Indeed graphene wraps silicon, reducing its reactivity with electrolyte and the formation of the SEI passivation layer. It also maintains a high electrical conductivity within the electrode.
The study will compare two technologies: graphene-silicon nanoparticles and graphene-silicon nanowires. The former composite, already explored in the above mentioned project, will be optimized in the present study. The latter is a new kind of composite, using a large scale silicon nanowire synthesis process recently patented in the lab. The postdoc will work within two laboratories: a technological research lab (LITEN) with expertise in batteries for transportation, and a fundamental research lab (INAC) with expertise in nanomaterial synthesis.
The postdoc will synthesize silicon nanowires for his/her composites at INAC. Following LITEN know-how, she/he will be in charge of composite formulation, battery fabrication and electrochemical cycling. He/she will systematically compare the electrochemical behavior of the nanoparticle and nanowire based silicon-graphene composites. Comparison will extend to the mechanism of capacity fading and SEI formation, thanks to the characterization means available at CEA Grenoble and in the European consortium: X-ray diffraction, electronic microscopy, XPS, FTIR, NMR spectroscopies. She/he will report her/his work within the international consortium (Cambride UK, Genova Italy, Graz Austria) meetings.
A 2-year post-doctoral position is open.
PhD in materials science is requested. Experience in nanocharacterization, nanochemistry and/or electrochemistry is welcome.
Applications are expected before May 31st, 2018.
In situ synchrotron X-ray monitoring of the growth of defect-free two-dimensional materials by liquid-metal catalytic routes
The postdoctoral research project is part of a four-year European FET-Open project called LMCat (http://lmcat.eu/) bringing together five European labs, including the ESRF and the CEA-INAC, to develop the growth of defect-free two-dimensional materials by liquid-metal catalytic routes. A central lab will be established at the ESRF to develop an instrumentation/methodology capable of studying the ongoing chemical reactions on the molten catalyst. The growth by chemical vapor deposition at high pressure and temperatures will be characterized in situ, by means of two main techniques: Raman and X-ray scattering (Grazing Incidence X-Ray Scattering and Reflectivity). It will be complemented by theoretical calculations performed in Munich. The successful candidate will be in charge; together with a PhD student, of the in situ synchrotron X-ray scattering measurements, using the ESRF ID10 liquid scattering beamline (http://www.esrf.eu/UsersAndScience/Experiments/CBS/ID10) and the P08 beamline of PETRA-III (photon-science.desy.de/facilities/petra_iii/beamlines/p08_highres_diffraction/index_eng.html), in Desy.
You should hold a PhD in physics, chemistry or material science or closely related science. Previous experience of complex instrumental environment, MBE or CVD growth methods and / or with synchrotron X-ray scattering / diffraction / reflectivity, especially on liquids, will be an advantage. You should be motivated to work with an international team of young researchers with an experimental setup at the forefront of instrumental development, and ready to travel in Germany (Hambourg) for extended periods to perform some of the experiments. A good practice of English is mandatory. You should also have:
This is a full time, 3 year contract.
Please submit a 1 page cover letter stating the motivation, research experience and goals, ; a curriculum vitae, and contact information for 3 references.
Simulation of thermal exchange between fluid and structure in turbulent channels
There is presently a huge effort in Europe for the Development of high power (PW range), high repetition rate (1-10 Hz) lasers: the ELI project in three countries of Eastern Europe , the Apollon program in France have the objective to install multipetawatt high repetition rate lasers for scientific research and applications in various fields of physics. These large projects result in – and demand – an increased mastering of most challenging issues in laser technology; at high repetition rate one of the greatest issues consists in the cooling of the laser amplifiers for the highest repetition rates. In order to master this technology, CEA (Grenoble and Saclay, with a collaboration with Grenoble/LEGI) has decided to start an R&D program, with the following tasks to perform: (i) simulation of the cooling of amplifiers; (ii) validation of the calculations; (iii) design of an appropriate cooling system dedicated to future high power high repetition rate lasers: for this, cryogenic helium gas is a very interesting fluid, as working at low temperature for laser amplification allows a better thermal conductivity of the amplifiers (consequently a better uniformity of their temperature), and an increased efficiency of the laser amplification.
This postdoc position is associated with the first (simulation) task.
Modeling silicon-on-insulator quantum bits
Quantum information technologies on silicon have raised an increasing interest over the last five years. CEA is pushing forward its own original platform based on the “silicon-on-insulator” (SOI) technology. The information is stored in the spin of carrier(s) trapped in quantum dots, which are etched in a thin silicon film and are controlled by metal gates. SOI has many assets: the patterning of the thin film can produce smaller, hence more scalable qubits; also, the use of the silicon substrate beneath as a back gate provides extra control over the quantum bits (qubits).
Many aspects of the physics of silicon spin qubits are still poorly understood. It is, therefore, essential to complement the experimental activity with state-of-the-art modeling. For that purpose, CEA is actively developing the "TB_Sim" code. The aims of this 2-year post-doctoral position are to model spin manipulation and readout in SOI qubits, and to model decoherence and relaxation at the atomistic scale using TB_Sim. This modeling work will be strongly coupled to the experimental activity in Grenoble. The candidate will have access to experimental data on state-of-the-art devices.
Plastic recycling enabled by toxic additives extraction using green solvents
It is important to develop the scientific knowledge and stimulate innovations to recycling Plastics. The extremely large variety of plastic based objects that we use in our daily life are made of a wide range of plastic materials covering many different polymers, many different formulations. Plastics objects are also used for many purposes and there is therefore the need of various ways to collect, sort and treat them.
Methods of recycling of plastics are generally divided into four categories: primary, secondary, tertiary, and qua-ternary (see Figure 9). Primary recycling or closed loop recycling method is considered when the materials after recycling present equal or improved properties compared to the initial or virgin materials. When the recyclates present a decrease in the properties level, one may spook about secondary or down-cycling method. In tertiary (also known as chemical or feedstock) recycling method, the waste stream is converted into monomers or chemicals that could be advantageously used in the chemical industries. Finally, quaternary (also known as thermal recycling, energy recovery, and energy from waste) recycling method corresponds to the recovery of plastics as energy and is not considered as recycling for Circular Economy.
Various processes can be considered for chemical recycling which present different level of maturity. Hence this project that will study the decontamination of various PVC formulations using green solvents, and more particularly supercritical CO2
This work located in Saclay, France, in the heart of the University Paris-Saclay and will benefit from a very multidisciplinary and international environment.
This work will benefit from the prestigious framework of the France 2030 funding, and more precisely the PEPR Recycling (https://www.cnrs.fr/fr/pepr/pepr-recyclabilite-recyclage-et-reincorporation-des-materiaux-recycles ). It will be supervised by Dr. Jean-Christophe P. Gabriel: linkedin.com/in/jcpgabriel).
Nano-imaging with deep neural networks
The postdoctoral research project is part of a five-year ERC-funded project called CARINE (Coherent diffrAction foR a Look Inside NanostructurEs towards atomic resolution: catalysis and interfaces – https://carine-erc.eu) to develop and apply new coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) capabilities. We want to develop and apply machine learning and, more generally, data science approaches for imaging and characterisation of nanoscale systems. Coherent x-ray diffraction imaging is a strong new tool to probe the structure of nanomaterials in a non-destructive way with a spatial resolution of 10 nm. The reconstruction problem, known as “phase retrieval”, is typically solved by iterative algorithms that do not always converge. Machine learning will be applied to different tasks like e.g. phase retrieval, super-resolution, phase unwrapping, etc, to unambiguously reverse the diffraction patterns and image the structure of 3D object with nm-resolution.