The thesis focuses on Higgs boson physics, specifically one of its rare and yet unobserved decay channels: the decay into a Z boson and a photon (Zgamma channel). This decay not only complements our understanding of the Higgs boson but also uniquely involves all currently known neutral bosons (Higgs, Z, photon) and is sensitive to potential processes beyond the Standard Model. The final state of the analysis consists of the two lepton decay products from the Z boson (muons or electrons for this study) and a photon. Background events produced by other Standard Model processes that contain two leptons and a photon (or misidentified particles) form the background of the analysis. With all data gathered during LHC Run 2 (2015-2018) and Run 3 (2021-2026), it is possible to have evidence of this decay, that is to observe it with a statistical significance exceeding three standard deviations.

In addition, the thesis includes an instrumental part focused on optimizing the time resolution of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL). Although designed for precise energy measurements, the ECAL also shows excellent timing resolution for photons and electrons (approximately 150 ps in collisions, 70 ps in test beam conditions). In a final state populated by photons from multiple overlapping events (pileup), the arrival time of a photon helps to verify its compatibility with the Higgs boson decay vertex. This will be crucial during the high-luminosity phase of the LHC (2029 onward), when the number of overlapping events is expected to be about three times greater than today. A new readout electronics for the ECAL is being developed and will be installed in the ECAL and CMS during the duration of the thesis. The new electronics achieves a timing resolution of 30 ps for high-energy photons and electrons. This performance was tested in ideal beam conditions (no magnetic fields, no tracker material in front of ECAL, no pileup). The thesis aims to develop algorithms to maintain this performance within CMS.

The thesis work is a continuation of the ongoing Z? analysis within the CMS group at CEA Saclay and the timing performance analysis of the ECAL, where the Saclay group is a leader. Simple, robust, and efficient analysis tools written in modern C++ and leveraging the ROOT analysis framework allow to understand and contribute to every stage of the analysis, from raw data to published results. The CMS Saclay group has leading responsibilities in CMS since its construction, including deep expertise in Higgs physics, electron and photon reconstruction, detector simulation, and machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques.

Regular trips to CERN are proposed for presenting the results of this work to the CMS collaboration and for participating in laboratory tests planned for the new ECAL electronics, as well as for participating to its installation.

BINGO is an innovative neutrino physics project designed to lay the groundwork for a large-scale bolometric experiment dedicated to the search for neutrinoless double beta decay. The goal is to achieve an extremely low background index—on the order of 10^-5 counts/(keV·kg·yr)—while delivering excellent energy resolution in the region of interest. These performance levels will enable the exploration of lepton number violation with unprecedented sensitivity.

The project relies on scintillating bolometers, which are particularly effective at rejecting the dominant background caused by surface alpha particles. It focuses on two highly promising isotopes, 100Mo and 130Te, whose complementary properties make them both strong candidates for future large-scale investigations.

BINGO introduces three major innovations to the well-established heat-light hybrid bolometer technology. First, the sensitivity of the light detectors will be enhanced by an order of magnitude through the use of Neganov-Luke amplification. Second, a novel detector assembly design will reduce surface radioactivity contributions by at least an order of magnitude. Third, and for the first time in a macrobolometer array, an internal active shield made of ultrapure BGO scintillators with bolometric light readout will be implemented to suppress external gamma background.

As part of this thesis work, the student will take part in the assembly and installation of the MINI-BINGO demonstrator within the cryostat recently installed at the Modane Underground Laboratory. He/she will be involved in data acquisition and analysis, and will contribute to evaluating the final background rejection enabled by the performance of the detector's final configuration.

The CUPID experiment (CUORE Upgrade with Particle IDentification) aims to achieve unprecedented sensitivity for the detection of neutrinoless double beta decay (0nßß) using an array of 1596 lithium molybdate (Li2MoO4) crystals of ~450 kg mass. If detected this process would be a direct observation new physics in the lepton sector: in example it violates lepton number by 2 units. Dependent on the model it can provide valuable insight into the neutrino mass-scale and possbily to matter generation in the Universe through leptogenesis.

The use of lithium molybdate for this study is particularly advantageous due to their scintillation properties and the high Q-value of the decay process, which lies above most environmental gamma backgrounds. The CUPID experiment employs this material as cryogenic calorimetric detectors, where the heat signal from particle interactions of O (100 microK/MeV) are registered in a sensitive thermistor at a temperature of ~10 mK. Thanks to the high Q-value Mo-100 features a particularly high sensitivity in terms of large phase space factor and nuclear transition matrix element. This will also allow for precision studies and tests of the standard model, through analyses of the shape of another process: the so-called 2 neutrino double beta decay (2nbb), which is a standard model allowed process. However, this rare process (half-life of 7x10^17yr) is not only an interesting particle/nuclear physics target, it is also expected to contribute the most important background in CUPID: the random coincidence of two events adding up in energy to the Q-value of the 0nßß search.

CUPID aims to deploy its new detector array in two phases: An initial detector array with 1/3 of the mass will be deployed by 2030. In the mean time several tower scale measurement and optimization campaigns during the time of this thesis project will allow to analyze and optimize the detector performance of the CUPID detector modules. The further suppression of this so called pile-up background through detector optimization (acting on the sensor attachment of the light detector with a robotic assembly station developed at CEA) and advanced analysis techniques within this thesis will allow to enhance the sensitivity and science reach of CUPID. A further extension of the analysis techniques developed in this thesis to the processing of an array of O(1000) detectors will be tested with the existing TeO2 detecor array of CUORE. In the context of this process the developed analysis techniques will contribute to the final science analyses of CUORE, the leading experiment for 0nßß search with Te-130.