The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain by controlling exchanges between the blood and nervous tissue. However, current models struggle to accurately reproduce its complexity. This thesis aims at developing and evaluating a microfluidic chip of BBB model incorporating a real-time monitoring system that combines simultaneous optical and electrical measurements. The device will enable the study of permeability, transendothelial resistance and cellular response to various pharmacological or toxic stimuli. By combining microtechnologies, cell co-cultures and integrated sensors, this model of biological avatar will offer a more physiological and dynamic approach than conventional in vitro systems to improve understanding of the diffusion/permeation phenomena of therapeutic molecules. This project will contribute to the development of predictive tools for neuropharmacology, toxicology and research into neurodegenerative diseases.