Neutrinos are promising messengers for detecting physics beyond the Standard Model. Their elusive nature and unexplained mass suggest they could open new pathways for physics. Neutrino oscillation research has entered a precision era with experiments like T2K, which in 2020 observed hints of CP violation in the leptonic sector that could shed light on the question of matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe.

The T2K experiment, located in Japan, studies neutrino oscillations by generating an intense beam of muon neutrinos (and anti-neutrinos). This beam is measured at two locations: a near detector, designed to reduce systematic uncertainties related to the neutrino flux and interaction models, and a far detector (Super-Kamiokande), tasked with measuring the disappearance of muon neutrinos and the appearance of electron neutrinos after oscillation.
In 2023, T2K entered its second phase with increased beam power and upgrade of the near detector, including a highly granular new target and High-Angle Time Projection Chambers (HA-TPC). These improvements enable more precise reconstruction of particles produced by neutrino interactions.

IRFU teams contributed by developing HA-TPCs equipped with resistive Micromegas technology. This work improves spatial resolution and the precision of particle momentum. The thesis explores optimizing the particle track reconstruction algorithms in the HA-TPCs using advanced techniques, as well as analyzing T2K data with the upgraded ND280 to achieve a 3 sigma level of significance for CP violation. T2K is thus paving the way for future experiments like DUNE and Hyper-Kamiokande, opening new perspectives for the next two decades.